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Appendix to Report to Mayor's Board Traffic Survey Data 1 Accident Statistics 2London Transport Impact Survey 3 Air Quality Data Halcrow Fox 4 National Environmental Technology Centre 5Consultation Response Consultation Leaflet 6 Local Authority Responses 7 Emergency Services Response 8 Representative Organisations 9 Consultation Response Data 10 Comments made on Option 1 11 Comments made on Option 2 12
Hammersmith Bridge Traffic Options Report
Halcrow Fox were appointed by the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham to assess the traffic and environmental impacts of the closure of Hammersmith Bridge. Their report shows; (the full report is a long document and may take some time to load) Link to Full Halcrow Fox Report 5.2.2 Data from traffic counts indicates that there are increased flows in the following areas:
5.2.3 By contrast areas with reduced traffic flows include:
5.2.4 Monitoring data have been examined for the London bridges which indicates a reduction of some 400 vehicles between October 96 and October 97. 5.2.5 There has been an increase in bus patronage on the routes using Hammersmith Bridge. Market research indicates that 9% of drivers formally using the bridge have switched to public transport.
Traffic Survey Data 1. Existing Data 1.1 The following data sources have been considered:
2 Traffic Counts -Bridges 2.l Vehicle counts for most crossings between Vauxhall Bridge and Richmond Bridge have been reviewed. In a number of cases, figures are available for each year between 1994 and 1998. Table 1 reproduces part of a summary table supplied by DETR showing two-way all day average flows in addition to the most recent data collected in March 1998.
Table 1: 24 Hour Traffic Flows on London's Bridges
Table 2 Traffic Counts for all Bridges
2.2 Considerable differences exist for counts on some of the bridges between survey periods. For example, average two-way flows on Putney Bridge appear to fluctuate considerably between the 1995 and 1998 figures, whilst Chiswick Bridge has seen similar fluctuations during the same period. One or more of the following could cause these variations:
2.3 The changes in traffic flows on Putney and Chiswick Bridges cannot be attributed to normal week to week variation, implying that either drivers previously using Hammersmith Bridge have been able to transfer to less congested routes or that the data is unreliable. Both explanations are plausible, but the order of magnitude of the change does bring into question the robustness of the data particularly when compared to flows on other bridges (e.g. Wandsworth). 2.4 Between Autumn 1996 and March 1998 there has been a 6.3% overall reduction in traffic across the nine bridges between Vauxhall and Richmond bridges. The counted flows increased by 4.79% in the period between Autumn 1996 and March 1997, largely explained by the reopening to full traffic flows on Putney bridge, but there has been a significant reduction, 10.6% since then. 2.5Putney Bridge does show a significant increase, 39% during this period, but the validity of the Autumn 1996 figure is in question due to the works previously mentioned.
2.6 A comparison of the flows in Autumn 1996 and March 1997 for Hammersmith, Putney, Battersea, Wandsworth, Chiswick and Kew Bridges suggest that the Hammersmith Bridge traffic diverted to these bridges immediately after the closure. The overall volume of traffic across all the bridges represents a 4.8% increase in this period.
3 Traffic Counts - Other Roads
3.1 LB Richmond has supplied traffic count data from 9th to 16th March 1997 and 13th to 20th October 1997. Traffic counts have been obtained for the following sites:
3.2 'Before' data has been made available for a site on Upper Richmond Road. Little change had been observed between October/November 1996 and March/April 1997. Given the location of the site, it would not be expected that the bridge closure would have increased traffic flows at this point. Increased congestion has been observed at Clifford Avenue but no relevant data has been made available. 3.3 On Sheen Lane, which is a road used by traffic accessing Chiswick Bridge, flows show an increase of 6.9% between March and October 1997 which maybe attributable to the closure.
3.4 Further analysis of trends in traffic flows or a comparison of before and after data is required before a firm conclusion can be reached.
4 LATS Data 4.1 Roadside interviews conducted in 1991 form the basis of the LATS Data. Data has been received for a site on Rocks Lane, which is about 2 kilometres south of Hammersmith Bridge. Cars surveyed travelling northbound are felt to be a reasonable proxy for trips using the bridge although some of those interviewed may have turned left into Church Road on their way to Mortlake or Richmond. 4.2 The average journey length of those interviewed was 27.2 km. This is reflected in the fact that only 25% of those interviewed were travelling to Hammersmith and Fulham (Table 4). 4.3 21% of journeys to destinations in Hammersmith and Fulham originated from Wandsworth, with only 6% from Richmond. Some journeys from the Wandsworth area are likely to have transferred to Putney Bridge, with Chiswick Bridge a reasonable substitute for journeys from Richmond. It is anticipated that journeys from Kingston (12% of trips) will continue along the A3 and use Putney Bridge whilst trips from Merton (11%) will use Putney or Wandsworth Bridge via the A219 or A218 respectively. Table 3: Destination of drivers interviewed at Rocks Lane
4.4 The majority of drivers previously using Hammersmith Bridge will therefore have been able to use another bridge to cross the Thames without too great a disbenefit. Car users from Wandsworth or Richmond travelling to Hammersmith and Fulham or Kensington and Chelsea account for only I 0% of all journeys and this group are likely to face the largest percentage increase in journey time.
Air Quality Data The Halcrow Fox report commissioned by the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham into the Impact of Hammersmith Bridge closure found: 5.4 Emissions 5.4.1 Data from the traffic model were input into an emissions model based on the DMRB regional impact assessment approach. The findings showed:
Air Quality Monitoring The National Environmental Technology Centre has available on its Internet Web Site an archive of monitoring sites and data recorded for pollutants. A Monitoring Station has been in operation in Wandsworth since the 31st March 1996. A similar control station is available for background comparison at Warwick Road, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea. The data for each pollutant has been plotted out for O3, NO and NO2 for the Wandsworth site. From the data supplied yearly averages have been calculated and are shown below.
It can be seen from the above that over the whole period of monitoring the pollutant levels have remained reasonably constant. The available data for the Warwick Road station has been averaged for the years published and is summarised below:
Emergency Services Responses LFCDA "attendance times to calls to the Hammersmith (north) side of the bridge are unlikely to have been affected, as traffic congestion has always meant that a number of calls will not be attended within the standard times set by the Home Office. Statistics suggest, at worst, a very slight increase in this number. However, very few statutory attendance times have been recorded as 'not achieved' for calls south of the river since the bridge has been closed."
Representative Organisations 1 HAMMBAG Survey of residents in Barnes & Mortlake
area. 50% are in favour of the current restrictions being maintained and 47% want the
bridge re-opened for vehicles up to 7.5 tonne. Of the commuters 20% no longer use their
car, but use public transport instead and those that do still use their car say that
journey times are no worse than prior to the closure.
Unable to express a unanimous view and would welcome a public enquiry. 2 Response for West London Road Watch by MTRU (May 98) Support Option 2 maintain partial closure, with proposal for an alternative option of partial peak hour and weekend restrictions. 3 Barnes and Mortlake Traffic Action Group Support Option 2 4 CTC (Cyclists’ Touring Club) Support Option 2 5 National Federation of Bus Users Support Option 2 6 North Barnes Residents Association Support Option 2 7 Barnes Community Association Refer to Public Enquiry 8 Digby Mansions Residents Association Support Option 2 9 North End House Residents Association Support for Option 2 10 Barnes Residents Survey 200 people asked to comment, of the 150 who replied 90% want the bridge to remain closed to private cars. 11 Barnes & Mortlake Traders Survey Petition and Survey of traders by "A Bridge too far" 93% of traders in favour of a full reopening of the bridge. 12 Niton Action Group 102 signature petition in favour of fully reopening the bridge. 13 The Hammersmith Society
14 Friends of the Earth (Hammersmith and Fulham)
15 Friends of the Earth and The London Cycling Campaign
16 Licensed Taxi Drivers Association
17 London Regional Transport Committee
Consultation Response Data
A total of 6371 responses to the consultation, of these 2648 support Option 2, 3639 support Option 1 and 84 were uncommitted.
Comments made by respondents favouring Option 1 include: 'Much as though I value the fact that it is now safe to cross the river as a cyclist, I am conscious that the Fulham Palace road, which I live very nearby has become even more congested than it was before. Although the Barnes area is now a haven of peace, it has been bought at a cost of reducing quality of life and transport options around my home.' 'If Hammersmith Bridge is to remain closed, action is required to find an alternative to the Fulham Palace road for the traffic that did once use the bridge.' 'There is so much traffic along Putney Bridge and its approach roads - if Hammersmith Bridge is not reopened to general traffic in Fulham will keep getting denser and denser. In Munster Road we already suffer greatly from traffic jams outside our front door, especially from heavy goods vehicles. How about improving public transport in London.' 'I believe that the proposed closure of the bridge is totally unrealistic.' 'I live just off the Fulham Palace Road. Since the bridge closed the increased vehicles on the Fulham Palace Road has become unbearable. Both pollution, noise and overall inconvenience have more than doubled. I feel it is totally unacceptable to have the bridge closed to cars at the moment or in the future. Even public transport i.e. the 220 bus on the Fulham Palace Road are now infrequent and journey time has increased dramatically. Of course the residents around Hammersmith Bridge find the reduced traffic a good thing but the problem has been pushed to the Fulham Palace Road. I am seriously contemplating moving from the area. The bridge should be reopened immediately and a further bridge should be built.' 'The bridge is essential to traffic across London. The effect of its closure has only diverted car users to other major roads and increased congestion in Fulham Palace Road and Putney Bridge.' 'For those residents with a car who live in a street off the Fulham Palace Road. I am not alone in considering leaving the district. Until Hammersmith Bridge is re-opened the traffic on the Fulham Palace Road makes it almost impossible to get into, or up and down, it. From Harbord Street it can take 20 minutes to get to Hammersmith roundabout, Equally so to Putney Bridge something must be done.' '1/ It is wrong to restrict or close any Thames bridge. 2/ Hammersmith has always been a major gateway to the west. This fact has been ignored by vested interests for too long. Restrictive practices such as borrowing the use of Hammersmith bus station to long distance coaches acts against public interest and convenience. Most provincial towns use bus stations for all public transport. 3/ Car drivers have not switched to public transport. Recent reports confusion on certain days the volume of traffic using Fulham Palace Road is witness to this. 4/ Environmental pros and cons remain the same, restrictions pass one problem to another.' 'The traffic in south Fulham has become horrendous since the closing of Hammersmith bridge. The air pollution has greatly increased. It has taken far too long for action to be taken. London is very short of bridges and especially in West London. This must be a priority - all the small back streets of Fulham are being used to avoid the all day queues in Fulham Palace Road.' 'There is nearly no time of the day when one can freely cross the river one way or the other.' 'Closure of the bridge brings benefits to few, added pollution to many and congestion to the same.' 'Give us a proper unrestricted river crossing' 'The use of public transport is just not an option' 'Please re-open the bridge to cut the extra traffic on Fulham Palace Rd, Woodlawn Rd and surrounding side streets before there is a fatal accident. There have already been a number of accidents outside my house (corner of Langthorne St and Woodlawn Rd) and there are 2 schools in Woodlawn Rd, which is used as a rat run. Fulham Palace Rd simply cannot cope with the extra traffic either on Putney Bridge or Hammersmith Broadway.' 'I am astonished at being asked to decide. The New Kings and Fulham Roads were badly congested before Hammersmith Bridge was closed - afterwards the problem became unbearable, and still is. I thought the reopening was merely a matter of time: it is essential for all Fulham and Barnes and Wandsworth residents that it opens as soon as possible.' 'The closing of the bridge has resulted in great traffic congestion in affected areas such as Fulham Palace Road, Putney, Lower and Upper Richmond Roads etc., and so a traffic "spin off" into parts of Fulham. Traffic congestion and consequent parking difficulties are having an adverse effect on trade, where the small shop keeper is suffering serious loss of business as for example, Goldstrands the chemist shop at the junction of Fulham Road and Fulham High Street, will confirm this.' 'The closure of Hammersmith Bridge has caused great inconvenience for the residents of Fulham. We get twice the amount of pollution and traffic congestion in Fulham Palace Road seven days a week when it is almost impossible to turn from Fulham Rd into Fulham High St. without waiting in a very long queue. Please reopen the bridge.' 'The increased traffic in Fulham Palace Rd is making life intolerable both in terms of the delays caused by the excess traffic and environmental pollution. It is now impossible for us to shop in Hammersmith, which means that we are now spending money outside the borough. It has increased my journey to work time causing an untold waste of resources.' 'Reduces the quality of life of residents who are close to Fulham Palace Road.' 'A new bridge should be built and perhaps the old one could be erected in Ravenscourt Park. It is an essential link across the Thames at this part and is generally an inconvenience to car drivers when they wish to get to Barnes from Hammersmith etc. Also there is a lot more traffic coming through Woodlawn Rd when Fulham Palace Rd is congested causing more danger to school children on their way to and from school as drivers do not drive at a reasonable speed. Although it would be better for the residents round that area to keep it closed it isn't for the rest of us who have to suffer because of it. I'm sure a new bridge would be better economically in the long term than keep repairing it.' 'Since the bridge closed the traffic on Fulham Palace Road has increased adding time to our journey home. I saw a program on TV stating that the increase in traffic was not related to the closure. I do not feel that I have enough evidence to support either view and unless you provide me with some I have to trust my instincts and decide that my increased travel time is due to the closure. I can only hope that things get better when the bridge reopens.' Comments made by respondents favouring Option 2 include: 'Likes the current environmental benefits and would like public transport improved.' 'Local authorities have a duty to improve public transport at the expense of other services' 'I am in favour of all measures designed to cut down on traffic in Hammersmith and London generally' 'Encourage public transport - discourage private car use.' 'Preserve the bridge and restrict to public transport only.' 'Keep it closed provided taxis and buses are allowed to cross, and that Putney Bridge / Fulham Palace Road traffic congestion is improved.' 'I am in favour of preventing cars using the bridge. This has encouraged more use of more environmentally friendly forms of transport. I am against allowing motorcycles to use the bridge because of their noise pollution and the threat they pose to cyclists.' 'I have changed my mind on this subject. I was once a strong proponent of either option 1 or building a new bridge. This was following several frustrating attempts to navigate Fulham Palace Road in the rush hour. But now: - 1) I have talked to residents living closer to the bridge than I, on both sides of the river, including some with children attending St. Paul's. Most of them seem to have adapted to the new circumstances. 2) I read in the press of a survey, which seemed to indicate that excess traffic "melts away" when a major thoroughfare is closed, rather than migrating to the surrounding streets. 3) I have come to the conclusion that only really drastic measures can do anything to drive excess traffic out of central London and give it back to its residents.' 'Improved the local environment, even though Putney Bridge traffic flows are worse. Wants commuters to be encouraged to leave their cars at home and use public transport. Concerned about small businesses in the area while bridge is closed. more bus lanes and stringent enforcement to ensure bus lanes are not blocked. Reduce congestion. Thinks traffic hasn't changed on fulham palace road since bridge closure. it had always been busy. Other restrictions needed to cope with traffic overflow. Local authorities have a duty to improve public transport at the expense of other services This is a great opportunity to reduce the use of cars by people in Southwest London The effect of traffic on the air quality and as a consequence on peoples health is a major concern to me more ways need to reduce traffic in London need to be found I am in favour of all measures designed to cut down on traffic in Hammersmith and London generally A toll might be a good idea if opening the bridge or moving it and using it as a tourist attraction (pedestrianised with shops) and replacing it with a stronger one Implement option 2 for Putney, Barnes, and Wandsworth bridges as well Reduce cars. Despite much heavier traffic in Hammersmith Broadway & Putney Bridge .It is a great idea to keep it closed? Keep bridge in good condition Thinks it more environmentally friendly & will reduce congestion. Feels bridge should only be open for pedestrians, public transport, cycles/motor cycles. Anything really, except cars. Wants tolls included. The more bridges and roads you build, the more traffic we create. The more bridges we close to private vehicles, the more people will use public transport This could be the beginning of no private cars etc. in London and a vast improvement in public transport. Option 2 may produce problems elsewhere, but I support it as the better of the two options as we must begins to try to move travellers from private to public transport if we are to keep long-term aims. I would like to see a lot more restrictions on private motor cars. I think public transport should receive higher subsidies and encouragement to run faster services. London is now so clogged with private cars and their exhaust fumes - time to take serious action. A Vital Link - West London has not stopped since bridge closure. Residents local to the bridge are delighted with the effects of bridge closure. Allow quality of life to take consideration over vehicle traffic. It has been fantastic since its been shut and should stay shut It should remain closed I am in favour of preventing cars using the bridge. This has encouraged more use of more environmentally friendly forms of transport. I am against allowing motorcycles to use the bridge because of their noise pollution and the threat they pose to cyclists. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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